PRONOMBRES PERSONALES.
“Se utilizan
generalmente como sujetos en la oración, sustituyen al nombre”.
·
I = Yo.
·
YOU = Tu o UD.
·
HE = El.
·
SHE = Ella.
·
IT =Este o Esta, (Se usa con animales, cosas, lugares u
objetos).
·
WE= Nosotros (as).
·
YOU= Ustedes.
·
THEY= Ellos (as).
PRONOMBRES POSESIVOS.
“Estos indican
una posesión y se usan de acuerdo a la
persona que habla”.
·
MINE = Mío, Mía, Míos,
Mías.
·
YOURS = Tuyo, Tuya,
Tuyos, Tuyas.
·
HIS = Suyo, Suya, Suyos
Suyas. (Se usa solo para el género masculino singular).
·
HERS = Suyo, Suya, Suyos Suyas. (Se usa solo para el
género femenino singular).
·
ITS = Suyo, Suya, Suyos
Suyas. (Se usa solo para el animal, la casa, el lugar u objeto).
·
OURS = Nuestro,
Nuestra, Nuestros, Nuestras.
·
YOURS = Suyo, Suya,
Suyos Suyas.
·
THEIRS = Suyo, Suya,
Suyos Suyas.
PRONOMBRES COMPLEMENTARIOS U
OBJETIVOS. “Estos pronombres sirven de
complemento al verbo que se usa”.
·
ME = A mi, Me.
·
YOU = A ti, Te.
·
HIM = A el, Le.
·
HER = A ella, Le.
·
IT = LE, LO (Se usa con animales, cosas, lugares u
objetos).
·
US = A nosotros, Nos.
·
YOU = A ustedes, Les,
Los.
·
THEM = A ellos, Les,
Los, Las.
PRONOMBRES REFLEXIVOS.
“Se usan cuando el sujeto y el objeto del verbo son la misma persona y para
enfatizar que alguien hizo algo por si mismo”
·
MYSELF = Yo Mismo.
·
YOURSELF = Tu Mismo.
·
HIMSELF = El Mismo.
·
HERSELF = Ella Misma.
·
ITSELF = Esto Mismo. (Se usa con animales, cosas, lugares u
objetos).
·
OURSELVES = Nosotros
Mismos.
·
YOURSELVES = Ustedes
Mismos.
·
THEMSELVES = Ellos
Mismos.
ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS.
·
MY = MI, Mis.
·
YOUR = Tu, Tus.
·
HIS = Su, Sus. (Se usa
solo para el género masculino singular).
·
HER = Su, Sus. (Se usa
solo para el género femenino singular).
·
ITS = Su, Sus. (Se usa
solo para animales,
cosas, lugares u objetos).
·
OUR = Nuestro (a),
Nuestros (as).
·
YOUR = Su, Sus.
·
THEIR = Su, Sus.
ADJETIVOS
DEMOSTRATIVOS.
THIS = Este, Esta. (Se utiliza cuando nos referimos a un objeto que se puede tocar está muy cerca)
THAT = Ese, Esa, Eso. (Se utiliza cuando nos referimos a un objeto que no se puede tocar está lejos)
THESE = Estos, Estas. (Plural de THIS)
THOSE = Esas, Esos. (Plural de THAT)
ADVERBIO:
El adverbio es una palabra invariable dentro
de la oración que se usa para modificar el significado de un verbo, adjetivo, u
otro adverbio; es decir, es una palabra dentro de la oración que indica Modo, Lugar,
Tiempo, Cantidad, negación, Afirmación, Frecuencia ……………
TIPOS
DE ADVERBIOS:
1.
ADVERBIOS DE MODO: Estos adverbios se forman normalmente
añadiendo “LY” a la palabra raíz.
Además se colocan normalmente después de un verbo;
EJP: Peter sings beautifully; I work hard;
o después de un complemento; EJP: She speaks French well; They can speak English fast.
2. ADVERBIOS DE LUGAR: Estos adverbios por lo
general, se colocan detrás del verbo o del complemento directo si lo hubiese. EJP: Come here, peter lives near, They attacked me from behind. Pero WHERE siempre se coloca al principio de una frase interrogativa.
3. ADVERBIOS DE TIEMPO: Estos adverbios se
colocan normalmente al final de una oración o frase. EJP: The
children are at school now, I’m not
coming tomorrow, Peter is still in bed, She gets up early. Pero WHEN siempre se coloca al principio de una frase interrogativa.
4.
ADVERBIOS DE CANTIDAD: Estos adverbios modifican al
adjetivo o adverbio que le siguen. EJP. He is a little better today, It is too hot.
5.
ADVERBIOS DE NEGACIÓN: EJP: I
never smoke, We have no money.
6.
ADVERBIOS DE AFIRMACIÓN: EJP: I am spanish, He is
Spanish too; I need some paper and also I need some ink; She speaks
English and French as well.
7. ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA: Ellos normalmente van antes
del verbo principal pero después del
verbo TO BE. EJP. 1. My mom always gets up late on Saturdays,
EJP. 2. I sometimes stay
at home at nights. EJP.
3. He usually has lunch at
home.
8. EXPRESIONES ADVERBIALES: Once a month,
Twice a week, Three times a day, Four times a year, From time to time, every
day. Ellos normalmente van al final de la oración.
MODO
|
LUGAR
|
TIEMPO
|
CANTIDAD
|
NEGACIÓN
|
AFIRMACIÓN
|
FRECUENCIA
|
Quickly,
Fast,
Well,
Badly,
Hard,
Slowly,
Happily,
Carefully
|
Far,
Where,
There,
Here,
Up,
Down,
Behind,
Near,
Nowhere
|
Today,
Now,
Soon,
Still,
Yet,
Early,
Afterwards,
Late,
Ago,
Then,
|
Little,
Much,
Enough,
Quite,
Rather,
Too.
|
No,
Never,
Not,
Not at all
|
Yes,
Also,
Too,
Certainly
Sure
|
Always,
Usually,
Often,
Sometimes,
occasionally,
Never,
Seldom,
Frequently,
Generally.
|
VERBOS
LISTA DE VERBOS REGULARES.
Verbo
es toda aquella palabra que se puede conjugar (Conjugar, es unir nombre o pronombre
con un verbo, ejemplo con el verbo comprar, usando pronombres y nombres propios:
Yo compro, Zandalio compra, la empresa compra, nosotros compramos, Patrocla y Percida
compran) en español, un verbo que no está conjugado tiene la terminación ar,
er, ir, y se dice que está en infinitivo, Ejemplos de verbos en infinitivos, es
decir, no conjugados: Amar, ayudar, bendecir, buscar, caminar, conocer,
decidir, dudar y así sucesivamente. En Inglés el verbo está en infinitivo o no
conjugado, cuando tiene la partícula to, vea los ejemplos: To love, to help, to
bless, to search, to walk, to know, to decide, to doubt.
PRESENTE.
|
PASADO Y PARTICIPIO
|
SIGNIFICADO
|
ARRIVE
|
ARRIVED
|
LLEGAR.
|
AGREE
|
AGREED
|
ESTAR DE ACUERDO/ ACORDAR
|
BELIEVE
|
BELIEVED
|
CREER
|
CALL
|
CALLED
|
LLAMAR
|
CARE
|
CARED
|
CUIDAR
|
CLEAN
|
CLEANED
|
LIMPIAR
|
CLOSE
|
CLOSED
|
CERRAR
|
CRASH
|
CRASHED
|
CHOCAR / ESTRELLARSE
|
CHANGE
|
CHANGED
|
CAMBIAR
|
ENJOY
|
ENJOYED
|
DISFRUTAR
|
EXPECT
|
EXPECTED
|
ESPERAR
|
EXPLAIN
|
EXPLAINED
|
EXPLICAR
|
FAIL
|
FAILED
|
FRACASAR / FALLAR
|
FASTEN
|
FASTENED
|
ABROCHAR / ATAR
|
FILE
|
FILED
|
ARCHIVAR / CLASIFICAR
|
FILL
|
FILLED
|
LLENAR
|
FIRE
|
FIRED
|
DISPARAR / INCENDIAR / DESPEDIR
|
FOLLOW
|
FOLLOWED
|
SEGUIR
|
FRY
|
FRIED
|
FREIR
|
FINISH
|
FINISHED
|
TERMINAR
|
FISH
|
FISHED
|
PESCAR
|
HATE
|
HATED
|
ODIAR
|
HIRE
|
HIRED
|
CONTRATAR
|
HOPE
|
HOPED
|
ESPERAR
|
INVITE
|
INVITED
|
INVITAR
|
LIKE
|
LIKED
|
GUSTAR
|
LISTEN
|
LISTENED
|
ESCUCHAR
|
LIVE
|
LIVED
|
VIVIR
|
LOOK
|
LOOKED
|
MIRAR
|
NEED
|
NEEDED
|
NECESITAR
|
OPEN
|
OPENED
|
ABRIR
|
PLAY
|
PLAYED
|
JUGAR
|
PLAN
|
PLANNED
|
PLANEAR.
|
PRACTICE
|
PRACTICED
|
PRACTICAR
|
PREPARE
|
PREPARED
|
PREPARAR
|
REQUIRE
|
REQUIRED
|
NECESITAR / REQUERIR
|
RESERVE
|
RESERVED
|
RESERVAR / GUARDAR
|
REALICE
|
REALIZED
|
DARSE CUENTA / RECONOCER
|
RECEIVE
|
RECEIVED
|
RECIBIR
|
RESOLVE
|
RESOLVED
|
RESOLVER / SOLUCIONAR
|
RETURN
|
RETURNED
|
DEVOLVER / REGRESAR
|
SMOKE
|
SMOKED
|
FUMAR.
|
START
|
STARTED
|
EMPEZAR
|
STUDY
|
STUDIED
|
ESTUDIAR.
|
SUPPOSE
|
SUPPOSED
|
SUPONER
|
TRAVEL
|
TRAVELED/TRAVELLED
|
VIAJAR
|
TRY
|
TRIED
|
TRATAR / INTENTAR
|
VISIT
|
VISITED
|
VISITAR
|
WAIT
|
WAITED
|
ESPERAR
|
WALK
|
WALKED
|
CAMINAR
|
WANT
|
WANTED
|
QUERER
|
WATCH
|
WATCHED
|
OBSERVAR
|
WASH
|
WASHED
|
LAVAR
|
WISH
|
WISHED
|
DESEAR
|
WORK
|
WORKED
|
TRABAJAR
|
LISTA DE VERBOS IRREGULARES.
Una buena forma de aprender los verbos irregulares en inglés es a través de su similitud en la escritura, vea los ejemplos:
Grupo 1.
Present
|
Past.
|
Past participle.
|
Meaning
|
To begin.
|
Began.
|
Begun.
|
Comenzar.
|
To drink.
|
Drank.
|
Drunk.
|
Beber.
|
To sing.
|
Sang.
|
Sung.
|
Cantar.
|
To sink.
|
Sank.
|
Sunk.
|
Hundir (se).
|
To siwm.
|
Swam.
|
Swum.
|
Nadar.
|
To ring.
|
Rang.
|
Rung.
|
Repicar.
|
To run.
|
Ran.
|
Run.
|
Correr.
|
Grupo 2.
Present
|
Past.
|
Past participle.
|
Meaning
|
To speak
|
Spoke
|
Spoken
|
Hablar.
|
To steal
|
stole
|
Stolen
|
Hurtar.
|
To break
|
Broke
|
Broken
|
Quebrar.
|
To wake
|
Woke
|
Woken
|
Despertar.
|
To choose
|
Chose
|
Chosen
|
Escoger.
|
To freeze
|
Froze
|
Frozen
|
Congelar.
|
Grupo 3.
Present
|
Past.
|
Past participle.
|
Meaning
|
To write
|
Wrote
|
Written
|
Escribir.
|
To drive
|
Drove
|
Driven
|
Manejar.
|
To ride
|
Rode
|
Ridden
|
Montar.
|
To rise
|
Rose
|
Risen
|
Ascender.
|
Grupo 4.
Present
|
Past.
|
Past participle.
|
Meaning
|
To know
|
Knew.
|
Known.
|
Saber.
|
To blow
|
Blew.
|
Blown.
|
Soplar.
|
To grow
|
Grew.
|
Grown.
|
Crecer.
|
To throw
|
Threw.
|
Thrown.
|
Lanzar.
|
To draw
|
Drew.
|
Drawn
|
Dibujar.
|
To fly
|
Flew.
|
Flown
|
Volar.
|
Grupo 5.
Present
|
Past.
|
Past participle.
|
Meaning
|
To bring
|
Brought
|
Brought
|
Traer.
|
To buy
|
Bought
|
Bought
|
Comprar.
|
To think
|
Thought
|
Thought
|
Pensar.
|
To fight
|
Fought
|
Fought
|
Pelear.
|
To seek
|
Sought
|
Sought
|
Buscar.
|
To teach
|
Taught
|
Taught
|
Enseñar.
|
To catch
|
Caught
|
Caught
|
Atrapar.
|
Grupo 6.
Present
|
Past.
|
Past participle.
|
Meaning
|
To sleep
|
Slept
|
Slept
|
Dormir.
|
To feel
|
Felt
|
Felt
|
Sentir.
|
To keep
|
Kept
|
Kept
|
Mantener.
|
To meet
|
Met
|
Met
|
Conocer.
|
To sweep
|
Swept
|
Swept
|
Barrer.
|
To weep
|
Wept
|
Wept
|
Gemir.
|
To creep
|
Crept
|
Crept
|
Gatear.
|
To leave
|
Left
|
Left
|
Salir-Dejar.
|
To spell
|
Spelt
|
Spelt
|
Deletrear.
|
To smell
|
Smelt
|
Smelt
|
Oler.
|
To kneel
|
Knelt
|
Knelt
|
Arrollidarse.
|
To send
|
Sent
|
Sent
|
Enviar.
|
To spend
|
Spent
|
Spent
|
Gastar.
|
To lend
|
Lent
|
Lent
|
Prestar.
|
To bend
|
Bent
|
Bent
|
Doblar.
|
To mean
|
meant
|
meant
|
Significar.
|
To learn
|
Learnt
|
Learnt
|
Aprender.
|
To dream
|
Dreamt
|
Dreamt
|
Soñar.
|
To build
|
Built
|
Built
|
Construir.
|
To spill
|
Spilt
|
Spilt
|
Derramar.
|
To deal
|
Dealt
|
Dealt
|
Tratar.
|
Grupo 7.
Present
|
Past.
|
Past participle.
|
Meaning
|
To take
|
took
|
Taken
|
Coger.
|
To shake
|
Shook
|
Shaken
|
Sacudir.
|
To get
|
Got
|
Gotten
|
Obtener.
|
To forget
|
Forgot
|
Forgotten
|
Olvidar.
|
To give
|
Gave
|
Given
|
Dar.
|
To forgive
|
Forgave
|
Forgiven
|
Perdonar
|
To forbid
|
Forbad
|
forbidden
|
Prohibir.
|
To come
|
Came
|
Come
|
Venir
|
To become
|
Became
|
Become
|
Llegar a ser.
|
To hide
|
Hid
|
Hidden
|
Esconderse.
|
To bite
|
Bit
|
Bitten
|
Morder.
|
To do
|
Did
|
Done
|
Hacer.
|
To go
|
Went
|
Gone
|
Ir.
|
To eat
|
Ate
|
Eaten
|
Comer
|
To fall
|
Fell
|
Fallen
|
Caerse.
|
To say
|
Said
|
Said
|
Decir.
|
To pay
|
Paid
|
Paid
|
Pagar.
|
To lay
|
Laid
|
Laid
|
Tender.
|
To sell
|
Sold
|
Sold
|
Vender.
|
To tell
|
Told
|
told
|
Decir.
|
To win
|
Won
|
Won
|
Ganar.
|
To shine
|
Shone
|
Shone
|
Brillar.
|
To lose
|
Lost
|
Lost
|
Perder.
|
To Shoot
|
Shot
|
Shot
|
Disparar.
|
To find
|
Found
|
Found
|
Encontrar.
|
To grind
|
Ground
|
Ground
|
Moler.
|
To bind
|
Bound
|
Bound
|
Amarrar
|
To wear
|
Wore
|
Worn
|
Llevar puesto
|
To tear
|
Tore
|
Torn
|
Desgarrar.
|
To swear
|
Swore
|
Sworn
|
Jurar.
|
To Bear
|
Bore
|
Born
|
Dar a luz.
|
El adjetivo calificativo
El
adjetivo calificativo es la palabra que caracteriza o expresa una cualidad que
es imprescindible para entender completamente el significado del sustantivo o
de la oración misma. En una oración en Español, el adjetivo se escribe después
de sustantivo; mientras que, en la oración en Inglés el adjetivo, se escribe
antes del sustantivo.
Ejemplos:
- La casa amarilla está aquí.
- The yellow house is here.
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