Estrategias para desarrollar habilidades de lectura

Strategies for Developing Reading Skills

Use of  Dictionary--> Uso del diccionario, consiste en busca (en un diccionario bilingüe)   la palabra desconocida y seleccionar el significado que más se adapte y la de sentido al texto.

Predicting -->Predicción; consiste en activar el conocimiento previo del lector sobre un tema, comenzando así a combinar lo que el sabe con el material presente en el texto.

Connecting -->Conexión; es la habilidad de enlazar o información durante la lectura. (se da después de la predicción)

Inference-->Inferencia; consiste en usar la información del texto y las propias ideas del lector para crear una interpretación única del texto, que va más allá de lo que esta planteado en el mismo.

Skimming-->lectura rápida del texto, sin detenerse a comprender las palabras desconocidas ni nada, para captar la idea principal.

Scanning-->lectura rápida, pero algo más pausada que el skimming, procurando verificar que conoces el significado de las palabras e intentando captar otras ideas subyacentes además de la principal

Critical Reading-->lectura crítica, con detalle, intentando ver cómo se conectan las diferentes ideas, con qué propósito, de qué forma, si el texto forma un todo continuo o está roto en partes

Summary-->resumen. Tras haber leído críticamente el texto, procurar resumírtelo a ti mismo en unas pocas palabras (o líneas según la longitud el texto original) asegurándote de que efectivamente, has comprendido lo que el texto quiere transmitir

Extensive reading--> Lectura extensiva; consiste en leer textos más largos usualmente por placer.

Intensive reading--> Lectura Intensiva; consiste en leer textos cortos para extraer información exacta y detallada.

Using Reading Strategies

            Language instructors are often frustrated by the fact that students do not automatically transfer the strategies they use when reading in their native language to reading in a language they are learning. Instead, they seem to think reading means starting at the beginning and going word by word, stopping to look up every unknown vocabulary item, until they reach the end. When they do this, students are relying exclusively on their linguistic knowledge, a bottom-up strategy. One of the most important functions of the language instructor, then, is to help students move past this idea and use top-down strategies as they do in their native language.

Effective language instructors show students how they can adjust their reading behavior to deal with a variety of situations, types of input, and reading purposes. They help students develop a set of reading strategies and match appropriate strategies to each reading situation.

Strategies that can help students read more quickly and effectively include:

Previewing: reviewing titles, section headings, and photo captions to get a sense of the structure and content of a reading selection

Predicting: using knowledge of the subject matter to make predictions about content and vocabulary and check comprehension; using knowledge of the text type and purpose to make predictions about discourse structure; using knowledge about the author to make predictions about writing style, vocabulary, and content

Skimming and scanning: using a quick survey of the text to get the main idea, identify text structure, confirm or question predictions

Guessing from context: using prior knowledge of the subject and the ideas in the text as clues to the meanings of unknown words, instead of stopping to look them up

Paraphrasing: stopping at the end of a section to check comprehension by restating the information and ideas in the text

Skimming and Scanning

Skimming refers to the process of reading only main ideas within a passage to get an overall impression of the content of a reading
selection.

How to Skim:

* Read the title.

* Read the introduction or the first paragraph.

* Read the first sentence of every other paragraph.

* Read any headings and sub-headings.

* Notice any pictures, charts, or graphs.

* Notice any italicized or boldface words or phrases.

* Read the summary or last paragraph.

Scanning is a reading technique to be used when you want to find specific information quickly. In scanning you have a question in your mind and you read a passage only to find the answer, ignoring unrelated information.

How to Scan:

* State the specific information you are looking for.

* Try to anticipate how the answer will appear and what clues you might use to help you locate the answer. For example, if you were looking for a certain date, you would quickly read the paragraph looking only for numbers.

* Use headings and any other aids that will help you identify which sections might contain the information you are looking for.

* Selectively read and skip through sections of the passage.

PREFIXES

¿Qué es Prefijo?

Prefix	Meaning	Examples
a-, an-	not, without	amoral, anesthetic, apolitical, asocial
ab-	away from	abduction, abstain, abnormal
ad-	to, toward	adjoin, adjacent (lying near to)
ambi-	both	ambidextrous, ambivalent
ana-	up, back, again	analogy, anatomy, anagram
anti-	against	antipathy, antiwar, antisocial
apo-	from, away from	apology, apologize
auto-	self	autobiography, automobile, autocracy, automaton
bene-	good	benediction benevolent benefactor
cata-, cat-	down, against	catastrophe--a turning down
centro, centri-	around, center	concentric, centrifugal
circum-	around	circumlocution circumference, circumvent
com-	with, together	communal, community
con-	with, together	connect, confide conspire
contra-	against	contradict, contravene
de-	down, away	descend, deject (cast down)
dia-, di-	through, across	diameter, division
dis-	apart, not	disengage, discord, discomfort
dys-	ill, difficult, bad	dysfunctional, dysentery
e-	out of, from	elect (choose out of), eject (throw out)
ecto-	on the outside	ectoderm--outer skin
en-, em-	in	empathy--feeling in
endo-	within, inside	endoscope--instrument for observing inside
epi-	upon	epitaph epidermis, epicenter
eso-	inward, within	esoteric--more inward, esophagus
eu-	well, good	euthanasia--good death
ex-	out of, from	exhume, exhale, exodus
hetero-	other, different	heterosexual, heterodoxy, heterodox heterogeneous
homo-	same	homosexual, homogeneous, homogenized
hyper-	over	hypertension, hypersensitive, hyperactivity
hypo-	under	hypotension, hypodermic
il-	not	illegitimate, illicit, illegal, illegible
im-	not	imperfect, impolite, impossible
im-	into	imbibe (drink in, take in)
in-	not	indiscreet, invisible
in-	into	incorporate (take into the body)
inter-	between	intervene (come between), interstate
intra-	within	intrastate, intramural
ir-	not	irregular, irrational, irredeemable
macro-	large	macrocosm, macroeconomics
mal, male-	bad, evil	malediction malevolent, malnutrition
meta-	beyond	metaphysical
micro-	small	microscope, microcosm, microeconomics
mono-	one, single	monologue, monotheism, monarchy, monogamy
neo-	new, recent	neologism, neo-liberal, neonatology. neolithic
ob-	against	object, obstruct (build against)
palin-, pali-	back, again	palindrome
pan-	all, every	pantheism, Pan-Hellenic, panorama, pandemic
para-	false	paramilitary, paralegal, parachute
per-	through	percolate (flow through) perforate (punch through)
peri-	around	perimeter, periscope
phil-, philo-	like, lover of	philosophy, Francophile, bibliophile, philanthropy
poly-	many, several	polygon, polygamy, polytechnic, polytheism
post-	after	postgraduate, posthumous postpone
pre-	before	precede, predict (tell before)
pro-	for, forward	promote, project
pros-	toward, in front	prospect—view in front, something coming up
proto-	first	prototype, protoplasm, protobiology
pseudo	false	pseudonym, pseudoscience
re-	again, back	repeat, recede, regress (step back)
retro-	back	retrogression, retroactive
se-	away from	seduce (lead away), secede
sub-	under	submarine, subject, subhuman subterranean
sur-, super-	over, above	superhuman, superego, superintend, surpass
syn-, sym-, syl-, sys-	with, together	symphony, synonym, system, syllable
tele-	distant, far off	telephone, telepathy, television, telegram
trans-	across	transient, Transatlantic, transport (carry across)

SUFFIXES

Suffix	Definition	Example
-agog, -agogue	leader	demagogue, pedagogue
-cide	kill(ing)	patricide, infanticide, herbicide. suicide
-ectomy	cutting	appendectomy, splenectomy
-ia, -y	act, state	amnesia, mania, democracy, anarchy
-ic, -tic, -ical, -ac	having to do with	anthropomorphic, dramatic, biblical, cardiac
-ics	things having to do with	optics, physics
-isk, -iscus	small	asterisk--a little star
-ism	the belief in	pacifism, terrorism, socialism, communism
-ist	one who believes in	pacifist, terrorist, socialist, communist
-ite	one connected with	meteorite, polite, cosmopolite
-logy	study field of	biology, geology, etymology, cardiology
-oid	resembling, like-shaped	asteroid, spheroid
-or, -er	one who takes part in	doctor, actor, teacher, driver
-phobia	exaggerated fear	photophobia, claustrophobia, agoraphobia
-sis	act, state, condition of	analysis